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现在完成时的句型转换?英语一般过去时与现在完成时怎么转换

一、初二英语现在完成时

一、have/has been to…:I have never been to Beijing.

have/has gone to…:He has gone to Shanghai,so he isn't here now.

二、neither/either:①作主语时,可单独使用,也可以与of连用,either,neither接谓语动词一般用单数形式,但这两者在口语中作主语时,其后的谓语动词也可以用复数。例如:

Either(of them)is OK.(他们两个中)任何一个都行。

②作宾语,可单独使用,也可以与of连用,放在动词或介词之后。例如:

I don't know which book is the better;I shall read both.我不知道这两本书哪一本好,所以我两本都读。

I like neither.(两个)我一个也不喜欢。

③作定语,either和neither后面接单数名词。例如:

On either side of the river there are a lot of trees.河的两边都有许多树。

句中可作主语、宾语和定语。

Neither of the films is good.

两部电影都不好。(没有一部是好的)

Either of the films is good.

(作主语,谓语动词用单数)

两部电影中有一部不错。

He wrote to neither of them.

他没给他们两个任何一个人写信。

He wrote to either of them.(作宾语)

他给他们中的一个人写了信。

Neither teacher often answers the questions.

这两个老师,没有一个经常解答问题。

Either teacher often answers the questions.

这两个老师中有一个常常解答问题。

Both the teachers often answer the questions.(作定语)

三、join--be in/be a member:join是"加入"的意思,后常接“某组织、团体、俱乐部等”

例如:入党(join the Party)参军(join the army)

而"join in"是"参加"的意思,常用于:join sb in+活动名称

如:join us in the games

还有"take part in"也是"参加"的意思

例如:参加歌咏小组(take part in the singing group)

还有"enter for"是"报名参加"的意思

例如:报名参加数学竞赛(enter for the maths contest)

当join和join in当“参加”讲时,

join表示参加某一团体、组织、机构,并作为其中一员(如:入党、入团、入会、参军等)

e.g.He joined the Labour Party/this company in 1999.

他1999年加入了工党/这家公司。

join in: to take part in an activity参加(活动)

e.g.We all joined in the singing.我们大家一起唱歌。

另外:join也有to take part in an activity的意思

但join后接的名词似乎更加抽象

e.g.Come on in and join the fun!快进来一起玩吧

attend是出席的意思,表示在某种比较正式的场合出现。例如,上课,会议等。

attend a meeting/ party/wedding

attend school/university

至于join与be a member of的区别如下;

join是短暂性动词,不能与“for+一段时间”搭配,而“be a member of”是延续性动词,能和“for+一段时间”搭配。比较常见于现在完成时的句型转换中。

如:He joined the army in 2002.

He has been a member of the army for five years.

四、open--be open

open:open在此为动词表动作 He opened the door.

be open:open在此为形容词表状态 The door is open.

五:begin--Class is begin.

be on--The dog is on the table.

二、现在完成时怎样使用

1.现在完成时常用的时间状语有lately,recently,just,already,yet,up to now,till now,so far,to this day,in the past few years/months/weeks/days,over the past few years,during the last three months,for the last few centuries,through centuries,throughout history等.

2.在时间状语从句中,谓语动词可以用现在完成时代替将来完成时.例如:

Mother won’t let her watch TV until she has finished her homework.母亲要到她做完作业才让她看电视.

The dinner party will begin after all the guests arrive/have arrived.所有的客人到了以后,聚餐就开始了.

3.has/have been to与has/have gone to的区别.has/have been to表示“曾去过”,说明有某种经历;has/have gone to表示“已去某地(在途中或已经到达目的地).例如:

They have been to Sweden many times.他们去过瑞典许多次了.

Jack isn’t in. He has gone to the supermarket.杰克不在,他去超市了.

4.现在完成时特别强调瞬间动词和持续性动词.瞬间动词表示短暂、不能持续一段时间的动作,如come,go,leave,start,begin,become,receive,die,而持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作,如work,stay,live,learn等.下面列举一些常用的瞬间动词和对应的持续性动词:leave,be away;die,be dead;put on,wear;fall ill,be ill;borrow,keep;catch cold,have a cold;buy,have;join the army,be in the army.例如:

My brother has been in the army for some time.我兄弟参军有一段时间了.

My brother joined the army some time ago.我兄弟是一段时间以前参的军.

He has been up for an hour.他起床有一小时了.

He got up an hour ago.他一小时前起的床.

Jack has been a soldier for some time.杰克当兵有段时间了.

Jack became a soldier some time ago.杰克是在一段时间前当的兵.

但是,瞬间动词的肯定结构可以用不与“for+时间段”连用的现在完成时,说明某个动作已经发生;瞬间动词的否定结构可以与“for+时间段”连用,说明某动作不发生的状态可以持续一段时间.例如:

Hurry up! The film has begun.快一点!电影已经开始了.

We haven’t heard from her for a long time.我们很久没收到她的来信了.

5.句型It is/has been+时间段+ since(从句的谓语动词用一般过去时)例如:

It is two months since they came here.他们来这里两个月了.

It is ten years since his father died.他父亲去世有十年了.

6.持续性动词用于含有till/until的句子结构,表示该动作一直持续到某时间终止;而瞬间动词的否定结构用于till/until句子中,表示某动作不发生的状态延续到某时间终止,可译为“直到……才……”.例如:

They went on working till supper time.他们继续工作到晚餐时间.

They didn’t stop wording till supper time.他们一直到晚餐时间才停止工作.

I will stay until you come.我会等到你来.

I won’t leave until you come.直到你来了,我才会离开.

7.句型this is the first/ second/ third… time that(从句的谓语动词用现在完成时)例如:四、现在完成进行时(have/has been doing,一般不用该时态的被动语态)

与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调,在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现.例如:

It seems oil has been leaking from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障.

At last you come! I have been waiting for you for the whole morning.你终于来了,整个上午我都在等你.

现在完成时几个值得注意的问题

关于现在完成时,现行教材着重处理了“已完成用法”和“未完成用法”.无论哪种用法都强调一点,即过去动作给现在带来的结果或对现在造成的影响.因此现在完成时不是属于过去时,而是属于现在时的范畴.但在高考复习中,还应该注意一些相关的问题才能对此时态有一个全面的把握.

一、

“已完成用法”是针对瞬间动词(即非延续性动词)而言的,动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成,而后果或影响至今仍存在.这些瞬间动词常用的有:start,finish,turn

off/ on,lose,become,leave,open,close,join等.例如:

Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚把灯关上.

I’ve finished my homework now.现在我已经做完作业了.

I have lost my pen.我把笔弄丢了.

She has become a teacher.她已经当了一名老师.

表示“已完成用法”的对应时间状语只能是表示时间点的词,如just, now, already, yet, not...

yet,或者干脆不带时间状语,如上述例句中的后两个.

但是瞬间动词与时间段状语如for a week/ three

days连用时,并非指瞬间动词的动作延续了多久,而是包含下述两层意思:①谓语动作已完成,②接续动作要持续多久.例如:

He has come here for three days.他来了,准备待三天.

He has left Shanghai for New York for two years.

他已离开上海去纽约,要在那里住两年.

显然若把上述两句理解成“他已来了三天”和“他已离开上海去纽约两年了”都是错误的.

二、

“未完成用法”是针对延续性动词而言的,主要表示从过去开始的动作已持续到现在,而且还会继续下去.动词多为work,study,live,know等,所带的时间状语也是持续性的,如lately,these

days,since 2 days ago,since 1991,for a long time,so far,up to

now等.例如:

I have studied English since 1995.我从1995年起开始就学习英语.

He has lived here for two years.他住在这儿已经两年了.

但是延续性动词的完成时不带时间状语则不是说明“过去开始的动作已持续到现在,而且还会继续下去”,而是说明“动作已经结束,而影响还留在现在”.例如:

She has been a teacher.她当过教师.(含义:她现在不是教师了,在干别的工作.)

(比较:She has been a teacher for three years.

她当教师已有三年.——现在还是教师.)

三、

按英语语法规律,瞬间动词不能和表示时间段的状语连用,但是汉语里,却可以这样,因此英汉两种语言在转换时必然有障碍.在这里,只要抓住转换规律,矛盾就会迎刃而解.现把中学阶段由瞬间性转为延续性的若干对动词列举于下面:

die→ be dead

go out→ be out

open→ be open

begin/ start→ be on

buy/ get→ have/ keep

get up→ be up

arrive in/ come to/ get to/ reach→ be in

close→ be closed

fall/ become→ be

marry→ be married to

get to know→ know

finish/ end→ be over

leave/ move→ be away/ be out of

join→ be in

borrow→ keep

catch→ have

come back→ be back

put on→ wear/ have on

wake→ be awake

此外还须记住一些由瞬间动词转换为延续性动词的常用句型:

1)瞬间动词的过去时+... ago→延续性动词的现在完成时+ for+一段时间.例如:

他参军三年了.

He joined the army three years ago.→ He has been a soldier

for three years.

电影已开始十分钟了.

The film started ten minutes ago.→ The film has been on for

ten minutes.

2)使用句型“It is/ has been+一段时间+ since+瞬间动词的一般过去时”.例如:

他父亲已去世两年了.

It is/ has been two years since his father died.

从上述几点可以看出,在英语学习中,建立起延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念对我们是非常重要的.

四、正确理解since引导的时间状语从句.

since引导时间状语从句有三种情况:

1)“since+瞬间动词的过去时”.其从句中的动作已在过去完成,这是我们熟知的句型.例如:

We’ve been friends since we met at school.我们自从在学校认识以来一直是朋友.

2)“since+

延续性动词的过去时”.它的要点是:时间从延续动词结束后计算,这与瞬间动词的计算不同,现行教材基本没有讲到.例如:

It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟已经三年了.(= It is three

years since he stopped smoking.)

3)“since+延续性动词的现在完成时”.其从句的动作或状态延续至今.例如:

They have the deepest affection for the old professor since

they have worked with him.

自打同这位老教授一同工作以来,他们就对他怀有最深切的感情.(他们和教授现在仍然一起共事)

五、注意以下几个完成时的句型在含义上的区别.

1) have gone to somewhere表示“去了某地(说话时当事人不在场)”,用于第三人称.例如:

He(They) has(have) gone to Beijing.他(们)去了北京.(现在仍在北京)

不能说:I/ We/ You have gone to Beijing.

2) have been to

somewhere“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各种人称.所要求的时间状语是与倍数相关的词,如once,ever,never,twice,several

times,many times等.例如:

I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城.

How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次?

3)在“It/ This is the first/ second time...

that从句”中,that从句部分要用现在完成时.例如:

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

这是我第一次到这座城市.

This is the second time that they have finished the work ahead

of time.这是他们第二次提前完成工作.

4)“This is the+形容词最高级+名词+ that从句”结构中,that从句要用现在完成时态.例如:

This is the best film that I’ve(ever) seen.这是我看过的最好的电影.

六、瞬间动词的完成时的肯定式一般不与一段时间状语连用,但是它的否定式和被动式常与一段时间状语连用.例如:

We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.我们很久都没有收到简的来信了.

七、介词短语如in the past years,in the last few years,over the last

century,during the past ten years以及since two years

ago等,虽然含有明确的过去时间,但句子仍然要用现在完成时.例如:

With the rapid growth of population, the city in all

directions in the past five years.(2003北京、安徽)

A. spreads B. has spread

C. spread D. had spread

They have been in poverty since two years ago when the plague

hit the village.从两年前这个村子遭受瘟疫以来他们就一直处于贫困之中.

我自己整理的..求好评哈O(∩_∩)O~

三、英语一般过去时与现在完成时怎么转换

在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“ It is+一段时间+ since+一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用 it is来代替 It has been;④瞬间动词用于“ Some time has passed since+一般过去时”的句型中。请看: A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中 go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如: I am coming, Mum!意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看: The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon

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